Optimizing Current Profiles for Efficient Online Estimation of Battery Equivalent Circuit Model Parameters Based on Cramer–Rao Lower Bound

Battery management systems (BMS) are important for ensuring the safety, efficiency and reliability of a battery pack. Estimating internal equivalent circuit model (ECM) parameters battery, such as open voltage, resistance relaxation parameters, is crucial requirement in BMSs. Numerous approaches to estimating ECM have been reported literature. However, existing consider identification joint estimation problem that estimates state charge together with parameters. In this paper, an approach presented decouple into alone. Using proposed approach, voltage can be estimated without requiring knowledge battery. The applied estimate